diff --git a/fsspec/implementations/jupyter.py b/fsspec/implementations/jupyter.py
index 2839f4c1f..711690c69 100644
--- a/fsspec/implementations/jupyter.py
+++ b/fsspec/implementations/jupyter.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
         path = self._strip_protocol(path)
         r = self.session.get(f"{self.url}/{path}")
         if r.status_code == 404:
-            return FileNotFoundError(path)
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
         r.raise_for_status()
         out = r.json()
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
         path = self._strip_protocol(path)
         r = self.session.get(f"{self.url}/{path}")
         if r.status_code == 404:
-            return FileNotFoundError(path)
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
         r.raise_for_status()
         out = r.json()
         if out["format"] == "text":
diff --git a/fsspec/implementations/tests/test_jupyter.py b/fsspec/implementations/tests/test_jupyter.py
index 9b2eaa9c9..501d19ebf 100644
--- a/fsspec/implementations/tests/test_jupyter.py
+++ b/fsspec/implementations/tests/test_jupyter.py
@@ -42,6 +42,11 @@ def test_simple(jupyter):
     fs = fsspec.filesystem("jupyter", url=url)
     assert fs.ls("") == []
 
+    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+        fs.ls("not-exist")
+    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+        fs.cat("not-exist")
+
     fs.pipe("afile", b"data")
     assert fs.cat("afile") == b"data"
     assert "afile" in os.listdir(d)