[Python] Free-threaded wheels for 3.13 have started failing with cffi 2.0.0b1 #47256
Description
Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.
The test-ubuntu-22.04-python-313-freethreading has started failing because cffi 2.0.0b1 does not support free-threaded for Python 3.13:
#12 [6/6] RUN /arrow-dev/bin/python -m pip install --pre --prefer-binary --extra-index-url "https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple" -r arrow/python/requirements-build.txt -r arrow/python/requirements-test.txt
#12 0.610 Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple
#12 0.611 Ignoring oldest-supported-numpy: markers 'python_version < "3.9"' don't match your environment
#12 0.611 Ignoring pyuwsgi: markers 'sys_platform != "win32" and python_version < "3.13"' don't match your environment
#12 1.195 Collecting cython>=3 (from -r arrow/python/requirements-build.txt (line 1))
#12 1.642 Downloading https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple/cython/3.2.0a0/cython-3.2.0a0-py3-none-any.whl (1.2 MB)
#12 1.936 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1.2/1.2 MB 8.0 MB/s 0:00:00
#12 2.605 Collecting numpy>=1.25 (from -r arrow/python/requirements-build.txt (line 3))
#12 2.955 Downloading https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple/numpy/2.4.0.dev0/numpy-2.4.0.dev0-cp313-cp313t-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl (16.7 MB)
#12 3.281 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 16.7/16.7 MB 51.1 MB/s 0:00:00
#12 3.485 Collecting setuptools_scm>=8 (from -r arrow/python/requirements-build.txt (line 4))
#12 3.520 Downloading setuptools_scm-8.3.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (7.0 kB)
#12 3.531 Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=64 in /arrow-dev/lib/python3.13t/site-packages (from -r arrow/python/requirements-build.txt (line 5)) (80.9.0)
#12 3.818 Collecting cffi (from -r arrow/python/requirements-test.txt (line 1))
#12 3.830 Downloading cffi-2.0.0b1.tar.gz (521 kB)
#12 3.959 Installing build dependencies: started
#12 5.297 Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
#12 5.298 Getting requirements to build wheel: started
#12 5.624 Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'error'
#12 5.630 error: subprocess-exited-with-error
#12 5.630
#12 5.630 × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
#12 5.630 │ exit code: 1
#12 5.630 ╰─> [20 lines of output]
#12 5.630 Traceback (most recent call last):
#12 5.630 File "/arrow-dev/lib/python3.13t/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 389, in <module>
#12 5.630 main()
#12 5.630 ~~~~^^
#12 5.630 File "/arrow-dev/lib/python3.13t/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 373, in main
#12 5.630 json_out["return_val"] = hook(**hook_input["kwargs"])
#12 5.630 ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#12 5.630 File "/arrow-dev/lib/python3.13t/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 143, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
#12 5.630 return hook(config_settings)
#12 5.630 File "/tmp/pip-build-env-s4d82846/overlay/lib/python3.13t/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 331, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
#12 5.630 return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=[])
#12 5.630 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#12 5.630 File "/tmp/pip-build-env-s4d82846/overlay/lib/python3.13t/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 301, in _get_build_requires
#12 5.630 self.run_setup()
#12 5.630 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
#12 5.630 File "/tmp/pip-build-env-s4d82846/overlay/lib/python3.13t/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 317, in run_setup
#12 5.630 exec(code, locals())
#12 5.630 ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#12 5.630 File "<string>", line 22, in <module>
#12 5.630 RuntimeError: CFFI does not support the free-threaded build of CPython 3.13. Upgrade to free-threaded 3.14 or newer to use CFFI with the free-threaded build.
#12 5.630 [end of output]
This was previously working so we shouldpotentially pin cffi for free-threaded py13:
cffi 2.0.0b1 was released on the 29th of July
Component(s)
Python